Jefferson Davis was elected president of the Confederate States of America on February 9, 1861, by a convention of delegates from seceded states in Montgomery, Alabama. This selection established a provisional government designed to operate until a permanent constitution could be adopted and ratified.
The election followed the dissolution of the Union after Abraham Lincoln's victory in the 1860 presidential election, as several Southern states moved to create a new nation grounded in states' rights and the protection of slavery.
Leadership Selection Process
Provisional Confederate Congress Procedure
The Provisional Confederate Congress oversaw the presidential election, with each delegation casting a single ballot. Delegates prioritized experienced politicians from slaveholding states who could manage military and diplomatic challenges.
| Candidate | State Represented | Votes Received | Role After Election |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jefferson Davis | Mississippi | Unanimous | President of the Confederate States |
| Alexander H. Stephens | Georgia | Unanimous | Vice President of the Confederate States |
| Robert Toombs | Georgia | Withdrew | Refused the War Department post initially |
| Robert Barnwell Rhett | South Carolina | Declined | Considered but did not seek the nomination |
Presidential Inauguration and Term
Ceremony in Montgomery and Later Richmond
Davis and Stephens were inaugurated on February 18, 1861, on the steps of the Alabama State Capitol. After the move to Richmond, Virginia, Davis was formally elected to a six-year term under the Confederate Constitution in November 1861.
Political Background and Secession Context
From Secession to National Government
Before the election of Davis, a series of secession conventions in Southern states laid the groundwork for a separate Confederacy. The formation of a provisional government was seen as necessary to coordinate defense, raise an army, and seek recognition from foreign powers.
Military and Diplomatic Challenges
Leadership During the Civil War
As commander in chief, Jefferson Davis faced difficulties balancing political interests, military strategy, and limited resources. His administration managed supply lines, diplomacy, and conscription while attempting to maintain unity among the Confederate states.
Key Takeaways
- Jefferson Davis was elected president unanimously by the Provisional Confederate Congress.
- Alexander H. Stephens served as vice president in the provisional government.
- The election established a structured government to navigate secession and war.
- The process reflected a blend of political tradition and urgent necessity in the Confederacy.
FAQ
Reader questions
How was Jefferson Davis selected as Confederate president?
He was unanimously chosen by the Provisional Confederate Congress in Montgomery, Alabama, on February 9, 1861, and later confirmed by popular approval under the permanent constitution.
Who was elected vice president alongside Jefferson Davis?
Alexander H. Stephens of Georgia was elected vice president unanimously by the same convention and inaugurated on the same day as Davis.
Were there other serious candidates for the presidency?
Robert Toombs and Robert Barnwell Rhett were prominent contenders who declined major roles, leaving Davis as the clear consensus choice for provisional leader.
What constitutional framework governed the election?
The Provisional Constitution of the Confederate States outlined the process for a temporary government until a permanent constitution could be drafted and ratified by the member states.